The spinal cord is a column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the center of the back. Together with the brain, it functions as the central nervous system, carrying messages between the body and the brain. An injury that disrupts these signals may cause a loss of physical function. There are many possible causes of spinal cord damage, but most spinal cord injuries result from trauma.
Some of the main causes of spinal cord injuries include:
- Motor vehicle accidents. Car, truck, motorcycle, and all types of motor vehicle accidents cause 39.3% of all new spinal cord injuries, making them the most common cause of spinal cord injuries.
- Falls. One out of five falls causes severe injury. In fact, falls cause 31.8% of spinal cord injuries. A combination of risk factors causes most falls but they can happen at home, in public, or at your workplace. They are especially dangerous for individuals over the age of 65.
- Acts of violence. Violent acts resulting in spinal cord injury include gunshot wounds, stabbings, and other physical assaults. Acts of violence cause 13.5% of spinal cord injuries.
- Recreation and sports injuries. Recreational activities, such as high-impact sports, cause about 8% of spinal cord injuries. Cervical (neck) injury is the most common type of injury in four sports: hockey, skiing, diving, and American football. Gymnastics, track and field, and cheerleading are also high-risk activities. Recreational activities are fun, but even those involved in casual recreational activities should use caution and wear the recommended safety equipment.
- Alcohol. The brain is part of the central nervous system, which is especially sensitive to alcohol. Drinking leads to changes in behavior. Approximately 25% of spinal cord injuries are associated with alcohol use.
- Diseases. Diseases such as inflammation of the spinal cord, polio, or spina bifida can lead to spinal cord injuries.