What Is the Truck Accident Claim Process?

The truck accident claim process is a structured legal journey to recover compensation for injuries and losses caused by a collision with a large commercial vehicle. This process is far more complex than a typical car accident claim because it often involves severe injuries, multiple responsible parties, and a web of federal and state regulations.

These key stages—from the initial investigation to settlement negotiations or even a trial—bring a sense of order to a challenging situation and can help you understand your rights.

Key Takeaways about the Truck Accident Claims Process

• The truck accident claim process involves distinct stages, including evidence collection, identifying liable parties, calculating damages, and negotiation with insurance companies.
• Collisions with commercial trucks are governed by specific federal and state laws, which adds layers of complexity compared to standard car accident cases.
• Evidence unique to truck accidents, such as the truck’s electronic data recorder (“black box”), driver logs, and company maintenance records, is critical for building a strong case.
• Multiple parties beyond the driver, including the trucking company, cargo loaders, or vehicle manufacturers, may share responsibility for the accident.
• A claim can be resolved through a negotiated settlement at various points, or it may proceed to a lawsuit if a fair agreement cannot be reached.

The First Steps to Take from Home

After a serious truck accident on a road like I-26 or the Mark Clark Expressway, the immediate focus is on medical care. Once you are home and beginning your recovery, you can take a few important steps to protect your rights and prepare for the road ahead. This isn’t about legal action yet; it’s about getting organized during a difficult time.

Your priority is your health, so continue with all prescribed medical treatments and attend follow-up appointments. At the same time, it can be helpful to start a simple folder or digital file to keep everything related to the accident in one place.

This includes things like:

• Medical Documentation: Keep copies of hospital discharge papers, doctor’s notes, receipts for prescriptions, and any bills you receive.
• Expense Tracking: Make a note of any out-of-pocket costs, such as transportation to medical appointments or necessary medical equipment.
• Personal Journal: Consider keeping a daily journal to document your pain levels, physical limitations, emotional state, and how your injuries are affecting your daily life. This can be a valuable record of your experience.

Gathering these initial documents helps create a clear picture of how the accident has impacted your life, which is a foundational part of the truck accident claim process.

Why the Truck Accident Claim Process is Different

A collision with an 80,000-pound semi-truck is not the same as a fender-bender with another passenger car. The legal process that follows reflects these differences. The sheer size and weight of commercial trucks mean injuries are often catastrophic, and the laws governing the trucking industry are extensive.

Several key factors make the truck accident claim process unique:

• Federal and State Regulations: The trucking industry is heavily regulated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), which sets rules for everything from how long a driver can be on the road to vehicle maintenance standards. South Carolina also has specific laws, such as those found in Title 56 of the S.C. Code of Laws, that apply to vehicles operating on its roads. A thorough claim must consider whether any of these regulations were violated.
• Multiple Liable Parties: In a car crash, you usually deal with the other driver. In a truck accident, the responsible party could be the driver, the trucking company that employs them, the company that owns the cargo, the mechanic who serviced the truck, or even the manufacturer of a faulty part. Identifying every party that shares fault is essential.
• Complex Evidence: The evidence needed is more specialized. This includes the truck’s electronic logging device (ELD) or “black box,” which records speed, braking, and hours of service. It also involves driver qualification files, post-accident drug and alcohol test results, and detailed maintenance records.
• Aggressive Corporate Defense: Trucking companies and their insurers often have rapid-response teams of investigators and lawyers who start building a defense immediately after a crash. They work to protect their business interests, which can make the process challenging for an unrepresented individual.

These factors together mean that a successful claim requires a deep understanding of the trucking industry and the specific legal standards that apply.

Step 2: The Critical Investigation Phase of the Truck Accident Claim Process

Once you decide to move forward, the investigation begins immediately. This is one of the most important parts of the entire truck accident claim process, as the evidence gathered here will form the foundation of your case.

An early and crucial action is sending a spoliation letter to the trucking company. This is a formal legal notice demanding that they preserve all relevant evidence, such as the truck itself, the driver’s logs, and electronic data. This prevents them from “losing” or destroying information that could be vital to your claim.

The investigation will likely involve:

• Collecting the official police report and any photos or videos from the scene;
• Interviewing eyewitnesses to get their account of what happened;
• Gathering all your medical records to fully document your injuries;
• Working with accident reconstruction professionals to analyze the crash scene and determine the sequence of events;
• Subpoenaing and reviewing the trucking company’s records, including driver training materials, safety audits, and vehicle inspection reports.

This meticulous evidence-gathering is designed to build a comprehensive narrative of how the accident occurred and who was at fault.

Step 3: Identifying All Liable Parties

As mentioned earlier, the truck driver may not be the only one responsible for the accident. A detailed investigation helps uncover all parties whose actions or negligence contributed to the crash.

For example, liability could fall on:

• The Trucking Company (Motor Carrier): The company may be responsible for negligent hiring (hiring a driver with a poor safety record), inadequate training, or pressuring drivers to violate hours-of-service rules to meet deadlines.
• The Cargo Owner or Loader: If the truck’s cargo was improperly loaded or secured, it could shift during transit, causing the driver to lose control. This is a common issue for trucks traveling to and from the Port of Charleston.
• A Maintenance Provider: If a third-party company was responsible for maintaining the truck and failed to properly fix a known issue, such as worn brakes, they could be held partially responsible.
• The Vehicle or Parts Manufacturer: In some cases, a defective tire, brake system, or other component on the truck may have failed and caused the accident.

Correctly identifying all potential defendants is key to ensuring you can seek fair compensation from every responsible party.

Step 4: Calculating the Full Value of Your Damages

Before any negotiations can begin, you and your legal team must determine the full extent of your losses, known in legal terms as damages. This is a comprehensive calculation of everything you have lost and will lose in the future as a result of the accident.

Damages are typically broken down into two main categories:

1. Economic Damages: These are the tangible, verifiable financial losses you have incurred. They have a clear dollar value and include things like past and future medical bills, lost wages from being unable to work, loss of future earning capacity if you are permanently disabled, and property damage to your vehicle.
2. Non-Economic Damages: These are the intangible losses that don’t have a simple price tag but are just as real. This category includes compensation for physical pain and suffering, emotional distress, loss of enjoyment of life, and scarring or disfigurement.

Calculating these damages accurately is a complex process that may require input from medical professionals, economists, and vocational experts to project future costs and losses. This step ensures that any settlement demand reflects the true and total impact the accident has had on your life.

Step 5: The Demand Letter and Negotiation

Once the investigation is complete and damages have been calculated, your attorney will typically compile all this information into a demand letter. This formal document is sent to the insurance companies for all the at-fault parties. It lays out the facts of the case, establishes liability, details your injuries and damages, and makes a formal demand for compensation.

The insurance company will review the letter and respond, usually with a much lower counteroffer. This kicks off the negotiation phase. Your lawyer will communicate with the insurance adjusters, presenting evidence and arguing on your behalf to reach a fair settlement.

Many truck accident claims are successfully resolved at this stage without ever needing to go to court. The goal is to secure a settlement that fully and fairly compensates you for your losses.

Step 6: Filing a Lawsuit (Litigation) if Necessary

If the insurance company refuses to offer a fair settlement, the next step in the truck accident claim process is to file a lawsuit. It’s important to understand that filing a lawsuit does not automatically mean your case will end in a dramatic courtroom trial. It is simply a formal step to move the case forward in the civil justice system.

After a truck accident lawsuit is filed, the process enters a phase called discovery. During discovery, both sides formally exchange information, including documents and witness lists. It may also involve depositions, which are sworn, out-of-court testimonies from witnesses, drivers, and company representatives.

Even after a lawsuit is filed, settlement negotiations can continue. Many cases are settled through mediation—a process where a neutral third party helps both sides find common ground—before a trial date is ever reached. Only a small percentage of personal injury cases actually go all the way to a jury trial.

Truck Accident Claims Process FAQs

Here are some answers to common questions about the steps involved in a truck accident claim.

How long do I have to file a truck accident claim in South Carolina?

In South Carolina, the statute of limitations for most personal injury claims, including those from truck accidents, is generally three years from the date of the accident. A statute of limitations is a law that sets a strict time limit on your right to file a lawsuit. If you miss this deadline, you may lose your right to seek compensation forever.

What if I am found to be partially at fault for the truck accident?

South Carolina follows a modified comparative negligence rule. This means you can still recover damages as long as your share of the fault is not greater than the fault of the other parties combined (i.e., you are 50% or less at fault). However, your final compensation award will be reduced by your percentage of fault.

What is a truck’s “black box” and why is it so important?

A “black box,” or Event Data Recorder (EDR), is a device in most modern commercial trucks that records technical data for a short period before, during, and after a crash. It captures information like vehicle speed, brake application, steering angles, and engine RPMs. This data can provide an unbiased, second-by-second account of what the truck was doing at the moment of impact and is often crucial evidence.

Do I have to go to court to resolve my truck accident claim?

Not necessarily. The vast majority of personal injury claims, including those involving truck accidents, are settled out of court through direct negotiation or mediation. A lawsuit is typically filed only if the insurance company is unwilling to offer a fair and reasonable settlement that covers your losses.

What kind of evidence is most important in a truck accident case?

While every piece of evidence matters, some of the most critical items in a truck accident case include the truck’s electronic data, the driver’s hours-of-service logs, the trucking company’s maintenance and inspection records, and testimony from accident reconstruction professionals. This evidence helps build a clear picture of potential negligence.

Let Us Help You with the Truck Accident Claim Process

The truck accident claim process can be complicated, but you do not have to go through it by yourself. Having an experienced legal team on your side can make a significant difference in your ability to hold negligent parties accountable and secure the resources you need for your recovery.

If you have been injured in a collision with a commercial truck in the Charleston or Mt. Pleasant area, contact Hughey Law Firm at (843) 881-8644 or through our online form. We offer free consultations to discuss your case and explain your options. We handle these cases on a contingency fee basis, so you can access dedicated legal support without upfront costs. It’s our “no win, no fee” promise to you.

Nathan Hughey

Nathan Hughey, an attorney and fourth-generation South Carolinian, founded Hughey Law Firm in 2007. Before that, he spent five years defending nursing homes and insurance companies. Leveraging his experience, he now advocates for those injured or wronged by such entities, securing over $290 million in verdicts and settlements.